The First Encounter
Understanding the complex relationship between Arabs and Mongols can be traced back to the invasion on Arab land by the the Mongolian Army in 1244. As retaliation for previous involvement in wars against the Mongol Empire, Arabs were invaded by Mongols led by Yisaur. The Mongolian Army faced little resistance from the Arab nations, except for in a few, very fortified cities. However, even here, the Mongolian troops were easily able to gain control of these places because the local leaders were fearful of impending attacks by Yisaur. Due to the drastic shift in climate, the Mongol Army began to pull bac their troops from the region. In 1251, Sultan Nasir of Egypt who owned the previously occupied land in the Arab lands, sent representatives to Mongolia in the hopes of making his territories part of the Mongolian Empire to prevent further invasions. In present-day Syria, the initial interactions were consumed by violence between the two groups, and this led to continued hostilities in the near future, but also a chance for interdependence.
Continued Interactions
Following the first invasion of the Arab nation by the Mongols, in attempts to expand the Mongolian empire, leaders, including the Egyptian Sultan's representative in Mongolia, began to commandeer lend from Mongolia on their march back to Arabian lands. In 1260, the Mongolian Army reached Damascus and under the leadership of General Kitbuqa, took control. Continuing to take out the Ayyubid kings and viceroys, Mongolia began to gain increasing power in Arab lands. After invading Islamic centers of study and architecture, the power structure fell in Arabian lands, and the Mongolians were able to intercept the chain of command in this public power struggle. However, the control did not last long. With so much land to be controlled, the Mongolian forces were spread thinly. This opened the door for the Mamluks, an Islamic ethnic group in Egypt. The group was able to take advantage of the weakened state, destroy the Mongolian Army's dominance in the region, execute General Kitbuqa, and regain Arab control. After the forced departure of the remaining 10,000 Mongolian soldiers, the Abbasid Caliphate was able to redevelop their control in the region.
Again in 1271, the Mongol Empire tried to create a presence in the Arab Nations. However, upon approaching the region of Syria, the army quickly retrreated when they discovered the Mamluk armies were coming towards them to defend their lands.
Again in 1271, the Mongol Empire tried to create a presence in the Arab Nations. However, upon approaching the region of Syria, the army quickly retrreated when they discovered the Mamluk armies were coming towards them to defend their lands.
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Amitai, Reuven (1987). "Mongol Raids into Palestine (AD 1260 and 1300)".JRAS: 236–255.
Morgan, David (2007). The Mongols (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing.ISBN 978-1-4051-3539-9.
Jackson, Peter (2005). The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410. Longman.ISBN 978-0-582-36896-5.
Amitai, Reuven (1987). "Mongol Raids into Palestine (AD 1260 and 1300)".JRAS: 236–255.
Morgan, David (2007). The Mongols (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing.ISBN 978-1-4051-3539-9.
Jackson, Peter (2005). The Mongols and the West: 1221-1410. Longman.ISBN 978-0-582-36896-5.